Which of the following are branches of the celiac trunk?

The left gastric artery is indeed a branch of the celiac trunk and plays a critical role in supplying blood to the stomach. The celiac trunk is a major arterial trunk that arises from the abdominal aorta and branches into three primary arteries: the left gastric artery, the common hepatic artery, and the splenic artery. The left gastric artery specifically provides blood to the lesser curvature of the stomach and is an essential vessel in the vascularization of this organ.

When studying the anatomy of the celiac trunk, it's important to recognize that while other arteries are significant within the abdominal vasculature, they do not branch directly from the celiac trunk. For instance, the superior mesenteric artery originates from the aorta just below the celiac trunk, serving a different area of the gastrointestinal tract, including the small intestine and part of the colon. The gastric bypass artery is not a traditional anatomical structure recognized in vascular anatomy, nor does it serve as a branch of the celiac trunk. Finally, the aortic arch artery refers to arteries that arise from the arch of the aorta which are unrelated to the abdominal vascularization. Understanding these distinctions is essential for mastering vascular anatomy and recognizing the specific routes of blood flow in the body.