Which artery is utilized as a recipient site for free flaps in breast reconstruction?

The internal mammary artery is frequently used as a recipient site for free flaps in breast reconstruction due to its strategic anatomical location and favorable characteristics for microsurgical procedures. This artery provides a reliable blood supply to the breast area, making it ideal for connecting the vascular pedicle of the free flap.

During breast reconstruction, particularly with transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flaps or other free tissue transfers, the internal mammary artery's consistent positioning allows surgeons to perform anastomoses more effectively. This is crucial for ensuring adequate perfusion of the transplanted tissue, enhancing the overall success of the reconstruction.

While other arteries, such as the radial artery or femoral artery, might be employed in various vascular procedures, they are not typically used as primary recipient sites in breast reconstruction, where the focus is on maintaining blood flow specifically to the breast region. The brachial artery, while significant in the upper limb's vascular network, also lacks the anatomical relevance and blood supply considerations required for breast reconstruction purposes.