What condition results from thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the artery wall?

Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the artery wall due to the buildup of plaque, which consists of fat, cholesterol, and other substances. This process primarily affects the inner lining of the arteries, leading to narrowed passages that hinder blood flow. As the arteries become less flexible, they cannot adequately respond to changes in blood pressure and may restrict blood supply to various organs and tissues.

The progressive nature of atherosclerosis can lead to serious cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and even stroke, as the reduced blood flow impacts overall health. This condition can also be exacerbated by lifestyle factors such as poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, and genetic predisposition. Understanding atherosclerosis is essential for recognizing its implications on vascular health and for promoting preventative measures.