What condition is described as multiple arterial stenoses that appear as a "string of beads" in imaging?

The condition characterized by multiple arterial stenoses that resemble a "string of beads" in imaging is fibromuscular dysplasia. This vascular disorder typically affects the medium-sized arteries and is primarily seen in young to middle-aged women. The "string of beads" appearance is a classic radiologic feature of fibromuscular dysplasia, particularly observed in renal arteries during imaging studies such as ultrasound or angiography.

In fibromuscular dysplasia, the alternating patterns of stenosis (narrowing) and aneurysm (dilation) occur due to abnormal growth of the smooth muscle and fibrous tissue within the arterial wall. This results in a characteristic series of indentations and bulges, which create the distinctive bead-like appearance. This unique morphological feature helps differentiate fibromuscular dysplasia from other vascular conditions, such as atherosclerosis, which typically presents as a more diffuse narrowing without the segmental beading pattern.

Understanding the "string of beads" imaging finding is crucial for accurately diagnosing fibromuscular dysplasia and developing an appropriate management plan for affected individuals.