What causes thoracic outlet syndrome involving its arterial component?

Thoracic outlet syndrome involving its arterial component is primarily caused by compression of the subclavian artery, and a cervical rib can be one of the anatomical variations that lead to this compression. A cervical rib is an additional rib that arises from the seventh cervical vertebra, encroaching upon the space within the thoracic outlet and potentially exerting direct pressure on the subclavian artery. This pressure can obstruct blood flow, leading to symptoms such as pain or numbness in the arm, decreased blood supply to the extremities, and other vascular complications.

The presence of a cervical rib can alter the normal anatomical relationships in that region, making it a significant cause of arterial compression in thoracic outlet syndrome. Understanding the anatomy and variations can provide insight into how this condition develops and how to address it effectively in clinical settings.