What anatomical structure induces symptoms of neurogenic compression in thoracic outlet syndrome?

In thoracic outlet syndrome, the scalene muscles play a significant role in inducing symptoms of neurogenic compression. The thoracic outlet is the area between the base of the neck and the upper chest where nerves and blood vessels pass from the neck to the arms. The brachial plexus, a network of nerves that innervate the arm, runs in close proximity to these muscles.

When the scalene muscles, which are located in the neck, become tight or hypertrophied, they can compress the brachial plexus and potentially the subclavian artery and vein as well. This compression can lead to symptoms such as pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the arm and hand, which are characteristic of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome.

The other options, while related to the anatomy of the thoracic outlet, do not primarily induce the symptoms of neurogenic compression. The clavicle and coracoid process are bony structures that provide support but are not primarily responsible for neurogenic compression. A cervical rib, while it can lead to thoracic outlet syndrome, is less common and not as directly related to the muscle-induced neurogenic symptoms seen with scalene muscle complications.